For two decades almost everything built for 64-bit x86 ran on any 64-bit x86 processor. That is changing: enterprise Linux distributions now build for x86-64-v2 or x86-64-v3, and runtimes follow. On a processor below the minimum, the installer refuses to continue, the kernel stops early in boot, or programs exit with an error such as Fatal glibc error: CPU does not support x86-64-v2.

Minimum x86-64 level of operating systems and software, highest first.
NameMinimumSinceNotesChecked
AlmaLinux 10
Operating system
x86-64-v310.0 (2025)AlmaLinux also publishes a separate x86_64_v2 build of AlmaLinux 10 for older processors. Source
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
Operating system
x86-64-v310.0 (2025)Source
Rocky Linux 10
Operating system
x86-64-v310.0 (2025)Source
MongoDB
Software
AVX
part of v3
5.0 (2021)mongod and mongos need AVX, which puts the minimum between x86-64-v2 and x86-64-v3: Sandy Bridge and Bulldozer have it, but Pentium and Celeron models before Tiger Lake do not. Source
.NET
Runtime
x86-64-v2.NET 11 (2026)Older processors fail with “The current CPU is missing one or more of the baseline instruction sets”. ReadyToRun code in .NET 11 targets x86-64-v3 on Windows and Linux and falls back to the JIT on older processors. Source
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
Operating system
x86-64-v29.0 (2022)Source
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16
Operating system
x86-64-v216.0 (2025)The release notes add that QEMU guests need -cpu host (or another model with x86-64-v2 features) to boot. Source
Windows 11
Operating system
x86-64-v224H2 (2024)Microsoft states that Windows 11 requires the x86-64-v2 instructions. Starting with version 24H2, Windows uses SSE4.2 and POPCNT and does not boot on processors without them. Source 1, Source 2
openSUSE Leap 16
Operating system
x86-64-v216.0 (2025)Source
Ubuntu
Operating system
x86-64-v1all releasesThe default amd64 packages target the baseline. Since 25.10, Ubuntu also offers optional packages built for x86-64-v3 (the amd64v3 architecture variant). Source

Each entry links to the vendor’s own statement where there is one; the date is when it was last checked.

What if a machine is below the minimum?

Check the machine’s level first. Inside a virtual machine the answer depends on the CPU model the hypervisor presents, and choosing a different model may be all it takes. On real hardware below the minimum, the choices are to stay on a release line that still supports it (for example RHEL 9 until its end of life), to use a distribution that still builds for the lower level (such as AlmaLinux’s x86_64_v2 build of AlmaLinux 10), or to replace the hardware.

Distributions that still target the baseline

Many community distributions still build their standard x86-64 packages for the baseline, so they run on any 64-bit x86 processor. Some add optional packages for higher levels instead of raising the minimum: Ubuntu’s amd64v3 variant, available since Ubuntu 25.10, is one example.